NAN

Nan

Nan

Nan

Nan

Nan

Nakhon Sawan

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A quiet and tranquil province, Nan nestles in a valley in Northern Thailand. About 668 kilometres from Bangkok, it covers an area of 11,472 square kilometres and is made up of the following districts: Muang, Wiang Sa, Na Noi, Pua, Chiang Klang, Tha Wang Pha, Thung Chang, Mae Charim, Ban Luang, Na Mun, Santisuk, Bo Klua, Chaleom Phra Kiat, Song Kwae, and Phu Phiang.

Geography:

The province is located in the remote valley of the Nan River, surrounded by mountains covered with forests. The highest mountain is the 2079 meter high Phu Khe in the north-east near the border with Laos.

History:

For centuries Nan was an independent kingdom but, due to its remoteness, had few connections to the other kingdoms. The first kingdom around the city Mueang Pua (also known as Varanagara) was created in the late 13th century. Its rulers, the Phukha dynasty, were related to founders of Vientiane, however it became associated with the Sukhothai kingdom as it was easier to reach from the south then from the east or west. In the 14th century the capital was moved to its present location at Nan.

In the 15th century, when Sukhothai declined in power, it became vassal of the kingdom of Lannathai. In 1443 King Kaen Thao of Nan plotted to capture neighboring Phayao by asking King Tilokaraj to help him fight against Vietnamese troops attacking Nan, even though there was no such threat. Kaen Thao could kill the king of Phayao, however then the troops of Tilokaraj attacked Nan itself, and captured it in 1449.

When Lannathai was under Burmese rulership, Nan tried to liberate itself many times without success, which finally led to direct Burmese rulership of Nan in 1714. In 1788 the Burmese rulers could be finally fought back, however Nan had then accept the new Siam rulers. In 1893 after the Paknam crisis Siam had to give a big part of eastern Nan to French Indochina.

However Nan kept some degree of independence from the Siamese rulers, and it took until 1931 to become fully integrated into Thailand, and the province was then created.

Before the early 1980s bandits as well as People's Liberation Army of Thailand (PLAT) guerillas were a big problem in the province, usually destroying highway construction overnight. With the help of the army and the more stable political system the province improved significantly, but is still a very rural and remote one.

Attractions:

Wat Phra That Chae Haeng, about 2 kilometres from town on Highway No. 1168, is an ancient religious site of the province. Once the centre of the old town, it was moved to its present location in about 1368. It features a 55 metre-high golden Chedi containing a holy Relic from Sukhothai. Over the Wihan's door frames and on parts of the roofs are plaster designs in the shape of Naga, the great serpent, which represent the artistic best in local architecture.

The building of the Nan National Museum was actually constructed in 1903 and once the residence of a ruler of Nan. It displays exhibitions concerning the town's history and major structures, evolution of arts in different ages, and numerous ancient objects, the most eminent of which is the black ivory. lt also provides anthropological information on the northern indigenous people including the several minorities residing in Nan. The museum is open Wednesday-Sunday from nine in the morning until four o'clock in the afternoon.

A uniquely designed and the most interesting temple in Nan is Wat Phumin which has a 4-portico, single building housing both the Ubosot and Wihan. Four Buddha statues with their backs against one another are installed in the main hall facing the four directions. The doors are delicately carved in splendid designs by Lanna craftsmen.

Wat Phumim underwent a major restoration in 1867 since it was built some 27 years ago. It is believed that the wall murals were commissioned during this time. The wall paintings, in Thai Lu style are considered highly valuable and depict legends concerning the Lord Buddha as well as local legends and the local way of life, which include native attires, weaving and commerce with foreign countries.

Wat Phaya Wat is located just before reaching the town on Highway No. 101. An ancient religious site, it has rectangular Chedi bases on which Buddha statues are placed around the Chedi structure. Combined artistic influences of Lanna, Lan Chang and native Nan can be detected.

Opposite the Nan National Museum is Wat Chang Kham Woravihan. Its main features are the sculpted upper halves of elephants adorning around the Chedi, a Sukhothai influence. Here have been found stones with ancient Thai scripts relating to the alliance between the kings of Nan and Sukhothai when Nan was still and independent state. An ancient golden Buddha is enshrined in the Wihan.

Wat Suan Tan, built in 1230, features an old, beautifully-shaped chedi and houses a huge bronze Buddha statue, Phra Chae Thong Thip cast by a king of Chiang Mai in 1450.Pha Chu or Pha Cheot Chu, is a cliff located within the Si Nan National Park which covers extensive forested and mountainous areas. The cliff can be reached by taking the Nan-Wiang Sa-Na Noi route for 135 kilometres, then turning into highway no. 1083 and on for another 22 kilometres. The cliff-top offers an excellent viewing point to enjoy a panoramic vista of the mountains. A national flag pole has a lanyard running all the way down to the foot of the hill, the longest in the country. There are camping areas for visitors in the park.

Hom Chom is a natural geological occurrence located about 10 kilometres from Na Noi district on highway no. 1083. The site is characterised by a large earthen mould eroded by the elements through the ages, leaving only hard eastern columns, whose exotic shapes and forms can be interpreted as differently as the imagination goes.

The Thai Lu Village-Ban Nong Bua is about 40 kilometres to the north of the town on highway no.1080, with an additional 3 kilometres after the left turn into the village in the Wang Pha district. The Thai Lu people living at Ban Nong Bua are noted for producing the traditional tribal fabric, an art handed down from generation to generation. It has also been improved in the designs but still retaining the original patterns. The native woven materials have now become a highly popular buy among tourists.

Wat Nong Bua in Nong Bua village of Tha Wang Pha district was built by Thai Lu craftsmen who had earlier migrated from southern China. Apart from the Wihan which is adorned with elaborate carvings, there are also wall murals painted by Thai Lu artists some one hundred years ago. Their artistic value and degree of perfection equal those at Wat Phumin.

To the north of Nan along highway No. 1080 in Nong Bua district and with a further distance of 25 kilometers on the route to Bo Klua district lies the Doi Phu Kha National Park. The terrain is mainly forested lands on limestone mountain ranges, the source of several streams which merge into the Nan River. The elevation is about 1,900 metres above sea level. Here are found several rare and near-extinct flora, particularly the Chomphu Phu Kha [bretschneidera ninesis hemsl.], whose pink flowers are in full bloom during February. In the morning, a sea of mist can be seen drifting across the valley. There are also several scenic waterfalls and the Wa brook waiting for tourists who like to shoot the many rapids. Permits to camp can be applied for. Alternatively, tourists may choose to utilize the accommodation services in the park.

Ban Pak Naj, about 22 kilometres along the road winding over the shoulder of the mountain some 96 kilometres from the provincial town, is a fishing village on the bank of the freshwater lake above the Sirikit Dam in Uttaradit. Local rafts are turned into restaurants and accommodations for visitors who prefer vacationing amid peaceful surrounding. The most famous food is the many kinds of freshwater fish caught in the lake.

Major Events:

The Traditional Boat Race is held in October or November each year when the Nan River flows swiftly past the province. It is incorporated with the celebrations of the Black lvory and the local Kathin ceremony. Boats are dugouts made from large logs and are beautifully decorated. Manned by well trained oarsmen, the racing boats are lustily cheered on by spectators lining both banks of the river

Local Products:

The Woven Materials of Nan are distinctively different in terms of designs and production methods from other localities. The most famous pattern is the Lai Nam Lai which resembles waves or stairs. Other designs also reflect the local artistic and creative skills. The materials are used for making dresses, colourful satchels and Tung, a type of pennant used in religious rites. Such products are widely available in town or production centres in rural villages particularly at Ban Nong Bua in Tha Wang Pha district.

Nan is also noted for making musical instruments which include the Saloh, a violin-like instrument, and the Sung, similar to a guitar. They are used in bands which can still be heard in certain restaurants in town where they can be bought.

In addition, silverware, wood carving and hilltribe handicraft are quite popular with tourists. The leading agricultural produce is the Som Si Thong (golden oranges) which are of the same species as oranges of the Centre Plain. Because of climatic differences, the local version is golden-skinned and more aromatic. They are in season in December.